Three Flags, One Shield: Inside the Makkah Pact, Reshaping the Middle East
8/8/2026 4:33:31 PM



Asad Mirza



On August 7, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, an "Islamic NATO"-style mutual-defence pact, in Islam's holiest city rather than any capital. Born from doubts about US protection after Iranian strikes went unanswered, and Yemen's collapsing truce, the deal reshapes regional alignments - unsettling Iran, unnerving Israel, and drawing wary attention from India amid a related disinformation flare-up.
On August 7, in the holy city of Makkah, three men who lead very different countries stood together and signed a document that man...
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