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| Pakistan’s Aggression Against Afghanistan and India’s Options | |
By Fatima Baloch
The USSR militarily intervened in Afghanistan in 1979, toppling President Mohammad Daoud Khan and installing a communist government under Babrak Karmal. In response, the United States and Saudi Arabia, under Pakistan’s supervision, brought together various Afghan factions, mostly tribal warlords, and labelled them the so-called Afghan mujahideen. They waged a decade-long proxy war in the interests of the U.S. and Pakistan that ultimately led to the Soviet withdrawal in 1989. Following the USSR’s retreat, the U.S., Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan-backed mujahideen failed... |
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